Meaning of tourism and its types in every sectors fields of management

Tourism

Concept and meaning of tourism

The word tourism is derived from the French word ‘Turisme’, literally means to tour and travel. Tourism is the process of temporary movement in the particular destination undertaken by the human that starts from one point and ultimately ends at the point where one started the journey from. It is a phenomenon of human character related to tour and traveling at a particular area, locality, sites, places, etc. But traveling without any reason for temporary stay is not termed as tourism. It is something about people who travel away from their familiar home environment for many reasons. In order to know the meaning of tourism, one should also know the simple ideology of tour.

Tour

Tour is derived from the Latin word toumel/tourness (Greek word), which refers to circle. The oxford dictionary relates tour as a journey for pleasure, during which one visits several areas. The suffix “ism and ist” refers to the movement around the circle by the people. Like a circle, a tour represents a journey that is a round trip. Therefore, one who undertakes such a journey is called tourist. The word tourism came to be added in the English dictionary only after 19th century.

According to the Tourism society to United Kingdom, “tourism is the temporary movement of people to destination outside of the places where they normally live and work, and their activities during their stay at these destinations”

In 1942, two Swiss professors, Walter Hunziker and Kurt Kraft had defined tourism as, Tourism is the sum of phenomenon and relationship arising from the travel and stay of non- resident, in so far as they do not lead to permanent resident and are not connected with any earning activities”

In 1968, international Union of Official Tourism Organization ( IUOTO) and World Tourism Organization (WTO) had defined tourism and tourist as- The tourists are temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours in the country visited and tourism is the living activities at the spotlight” The purpose of journey can be classified in the following headings:

Leisure

Tourists/visitors who travel to destinations with a reason to spend time to get enjoyment and entertainment, and working nothing in professional way. The activities of the movement may be planned and managed as per the likes and interest for pleasure and fun of individual desire. For example, recreation, holiday, health, study, religion, sports, education, etc.

Business

Tourists/ visitors who travel to destinations with a reason to spend time to get optional enjoyment and entertainment, and working something is professional way. For example, business meeting, convention, conference, seminar, any special mission, etc.

Mr. Valen L. Smith’s definition is internationally recognized, particularly in the academic sphere. According to him. “A tourist is a temporally leisured person who voluntarily visits a place away from home for experiencing a change”.

A United Nation conference held in Rome in 1963, on International Travel and “Tourism” had recommended the word visitors in two different categories:

1. Tourists

2. Excursionist

Tourists are the people who travel to destinations for a variety of reasons and spend more than twenty four hours and less than one year consecutively. Excursionist is a temporary visitor, staying less then twenty four hours in the destination visited and not staying overnight.

Tourist and Types

There is no hard and fast rule as far as the division of tourists is concerned. Since the inception of the concept of tourism, various organizations such as airlines, hotels, travel organizers, etc. have segregated tourists based on their purpose of visit. WTO (world tourism organization) has categorized tourists into following types:

Type Activities

-Recreation tourists Club and casino, spa, fun world,

sports centre, etc

-Holiday tourists Cultural tour, shopping, theme parks, etc.

-Leisure tourists Place of historical importance, museums art clubs, etc.

-Student tourists Studies and research

-Religious tourists Pilgrimage, religious charity activities, etc.

-Special interest group Business, meeting conference, convention, shopping etc.

-Adventure tourist Jungle safari, Mountaineering, Rafting, Trekking, Bungee jumping, Exploration, etc